Republic of Poland
| |
 |
|
| |
Jan III Sobieski sending Message of Victory at Vienna to the Pope, painting by Jan Matejko, in Vatican Museums
Jan III Sobieski wysyłając wiadomość zwycięstwa pod Wiedniem do papieża, malarstwo Jana Matejki, w Muzeum Watykańskiego
|
|
 |
|
|
Kościół Archiprezbiterialny Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny – Kościół Mariacki – Saint Mary's Church in Kraków
Here at dusk on 28 X 2012, this beautiful gem impresses and transports no matter how often one has previously seen her.
After being destroyed with the rest of the city in the Mongol Invasion of 1241, this 14th century Polish Cathedral Gothic
Church so exquisitely adorns Kraków's Rynek Główny – Main Market Square, the largest of medieval European Christendom.
Every hour on the hour a trumpeter has for centuries played the Hejnał Mariacki, breaking off in mid-tune, to commemorate the
so immortalized 13th century trumpeter who was shot in the throat while sounding the alarm before the Mongol attack on the city. |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
 |
|
| |
Krakauer Hochaltar – Ołtarz Wita Stwosza – the Altarpiece of Veit Stoß: glorious national Gothic treasure of the Polish and German People and of all people of European Christendom and of Christendom universal. Wit Stwosz – Veit Stoß (* um 1447 in Horb am Neckar im Südwesten Baden-Württemberg – 1533 in Nürnberg †) created his 13 meters high and 11 meters wide triptych altarpiece masterwork in Krakow during the years from 1477 to 1489 for the Kościół Archiprezbiterialny Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny – Basilica Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Kościół Mariacki. |
|
 |
|
 |
| ... detail from The Siege of Pskov by Polish King Stephan Batory in 1581, painting from 1839-1843 by К.П. Брюллов – K.P. Bryullov (1799 - 1852).
Take no aire of superior virtue, dear Russian sisters and brothers. Your treatment of Christian Poland has been villainous, and a whole lot more recently than 1581. And in any case the Siege of Pskov – Осада Пскова (18 August 1581 – 4 February 1582) was part of the Livonian War (1558–1583) which had been started by the territorial encroachments and Baltic expansionist ambitions of Ivan (the Terrible) IV, and which also involved over that quarter-century, in addition to the forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, those of the Livonian Confederation, Denmark-Norway and Sweden. And note further that the Russian forces under Ivan the Terrible actually allied with Muslim Tartars against the Christians of Old Livonia.The Hanseatic League city of Pskov had lost its independence to become part of the Russian Tsardom only in 1510. |
|
|
witraż w Kahlenberg Kirche |
|
|
|
| |
 |
|
| |
Zamek Królewski w Warszawie – Royal Castle in Warsaw |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
though possessing roots centuries deeper still, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created by the Union of Lublin in 1569 — the Most Serene Republic of Poland, in the Latin of the day, the Serenissima Res Publica Poloniae, officially named:
-in Polish: Królestwo Polskie i Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie;
-in Lithuanian: Lenkijos Karalystė ir Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė;
-in Ukrainian: Королівство Польське та Вели́ке князі́вство Лито́вське;
-in Belarusian: Каралеўства Польскае і Вялікае Княства Літоўскае
— one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-Century Europe, though no modern democracy in the sense that all adult inhabitants participated, still in percentage terms the franchise, the right to participant in the democratic process, extended in Poland-Lithuania to two percent of the population. This contrasted with the situtation in the Kingdom of England where only half that proportion, only one percent of the population, could participate in English democracy |
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
 |
|
 |
| Sanktuarium Bożego Miłosierdzia w Krakowie-Łagiewnikach – The Sanctuary of Divine Mercy in Łagiewniki, Kraków |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
Matka Boska Czestochowska |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Ὁδηγήτρια – Hodegetria – Hodigitria – wskazująca na Chrystusa – Одигитрия – Указующая Путь – She who shows the Way |
|
|
|
|
| |
 |
|
| |
Archikatedra św. Jana w Warszawiein – Saint John's Archcathedral in Warsaw |
|
| |
|
Polska - Zjednoczone Europejskie Chrześcijaństwo |
| |
|
Poland - United European Christendom |
|